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Pavlov's typology
Pavlov's typology of higher nervous activity was the first systematic approach to the psychophysiology of individual differences. Ivan Pavlov's ideas of nervous system typology came from work with his dogs and his realization of individual differences. His observations of the dogs led to the idea of excitation and inhibition in the nervous system, and Pavlov theorized that the strength of these processes in the nervous system will determine whether the subject will have a strong or weak nervous system. This theory has influenced research in the field of social psychology and personality.
==Origins==
Pavlov was a physiologist and his ideas on typology stemmed from his research on dogs and his research on the brain. Pavlov’s ideas of types were adopted from Hippocrates as it was him who came up with the idea of individual differences. Hippocrates also proposed the four temperaments in man and Pavlov wanting to honor Hippocrates used Hippocrates' terms for his own work. Pavlov started using observations and then used many experiments to show that there were many different distinguishing ways the nervous systems of dogs worked. Pavlov noticed the individual differences in the dogs through his research on salivary responses. He noticed there were weak and strong dogs. These groups were later divided into equilibrated and non-equilibrated, and then subdivided again into mobile and inert.〔Cuny, Hilaire. (1962) Ivan Pavlov. Paris: Seghers. pp. 94-96〕
Pavlov defined types of animal nervous system in one of two ways either in “terms of specific complexes of the properties of the nervous processes, characteristic for the given animal, or in terms of patterns of animal or human behavior.” 〔Gray, Jeffrey A. (1964). Pavlov's Typology; Recent Theoretical and Experimental Developments from the Laboratory of B.M. Teplov,. Oxford: Pergamon.pp.3-4〕 Pavlov proposed his classification of types on the differences in the properties of the nervous processes. The word type is used in two ways in the literature about higher nervous activity: either as a “characteristic pattern of animal behavior or as a complex of the basic properties of the nervous processes.” 〔Gray, Jeffrey A. (1964). Pavlov's Typology; Recent Theoretical and Experimental Developments from the Laboratory of B.M. Teplov,. Oxford: Pergamon.pp.3-4〕
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